Neuromodulation is purposefully modulating the nervous system invasively or noninvasively in order to change its function. In the Herman Darrow Lab, we specifically study ways in neuromodulation to improve how we think or feel. Oftentimes it is necessary to dynamically understand the ongoing activity of the brain in order to know how to improve its function with neuromodulation for the better. Our lab is actively participating in studies to do closed-loop optimal stimulation and open-loop optimal stimulation where we focus on incorporating the patient in their own stimulation and change.